abstract：:Melanoma is an increasingly common malignancy, and it affects a younger population than most cancers. Risk factors for melanoma include white race, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma, and melanocytic nevi. Sunburn and intermittent sun exposure appear to increase the risk of developing melanoma. The role of po...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rager EL,Bridgeford EP,Ollila DW

更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Federally funded health centers and the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) depend on family physicians (FPs) and general practitioners (GPs) to meet the needs of millions of medically underserved people. Policy makers and workforce planners should consider how changes in the production of FPs would affect these prog...

journal_title：American family physician

authors：

更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Garlic has long been used medicinally, most recently for its cardiovascular, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial properties. Sulfur compounds, including allicin, appear to be the active components in the root bulb of the garlic plant. Studies show significant but modest lipid-lowering effects and antiplatelet activity. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Tattelman E

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tick-borne diseases in the United States include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, and relapsing fever. It is important for family physicians to consider these illnesses when patients present with influenza-like symptoms. A petechial rash initially af...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Bratton RL,Corey R

更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertigo is the illusion of motion, usually rotational motion. As patients age, vertigo becomes an increasingly common presenting complaint. The most common causes of this condition are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, acute vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, migraine, and anxiety disorders...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Swartz R,Longwell P

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. Universal screening for GBS among women at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation is more effective than administration of intrapartum antibiotics based on risk factors. Lower vaginal and rectal cultures for GBS are collected at 35 to 37 we...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Apgar BS,Greenberg G,Yen G

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized patients may be more widespread than realized. Vague musculoskeletal complaints in these chronically ill patients may be attributed to multiple underlying disease processes rather than a deficiency in vitamin D. However, the failure to diagnose an underlying deficiency places th...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lyman D

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many patients require sedation during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ideally, procedural sedation minimizes the patient's awareness and discomfort while maintaining the patient's safety. Appropriate monitoring by trained personnel is the key to successful procedural sedation. These techniques should be used onl...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Brown TB,Lovato LM,Parker D

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis, an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized pathologically by demyelination and subsequent axonal degeneration. The disease commonly presents in young adults and affects twice as many women as men. Common presenting symptoms include numbness, weakness, visual ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Calabresi PA

更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood bullying has potentially serious implications for bullies and their targets. Bullying involves a pattern of repeated aggression, a deliberate intent to harm or disturb a victim despite the victim's apparent distress, and a real or perceived imbalance of power. Bullying can lead to serious academic, social, e...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lyznicki JM,McCaffree MA,Robinowitz CB

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and a deterioration in the microarchitecture of bone that increases its susceptibility to fracture. The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the reference mean for healthy, young ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zizic TM

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the guideline developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, the management of suspected unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) has four components: initial evaluation and management; hospital care; coronary revascularization; and hospital...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wiviott SD,Braunwald E

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause affecting young and middle-aged adults. Patients commonly present with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and ocular and skin lesions. The heart, liver,spleen, salivary glands, muscles,bones, kidneys, and central nervous system also ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wu JJ,Schiff KR

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter's syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kataria RK,Brent LH

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The report states that chronic rhinosinusitis is an evolving area of study and new information is being assessed on an ongoing basis. Debate continues about potential etiologies and associated conditions, pathophysiology, common inflammatory mediators, and whether or not most cases of chronic rhinosinusitis are associ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Ressel G

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack. Blood pressure, lipid levels, and diabetes mellitus should be controlled. When applicable, smoking cessation and weight loss also are important. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may help prevent stroke. Asp...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Solenski NJ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. It is spread by the female sandfly. The condition is diagnosed every year in travelers, immigrants, and military personnel. Physicians in the Un...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Markle WH,Makhoul K

更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive sweating from the palms and soles, known as palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, affects both children and adults. Diagnosis of this potentially embarrassing and socially disabling condition is based on the patient's history and visible signs of sweating. The condition usually is idiopathic. Treatment remains a chall...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Thomas I,Brown J,Vafaie J,Schwartz RA

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although local anesthesia usually is used in surgical procedures, field or nerve blocks can provide more effective anesthesia in some situations. In a field block, local anesthetic is infiltrated around the border of the surgical field, leaving the operative area undisturbed. In field blocks, epinephrine may be added ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Salam GA

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than 400 million persons, including 1.25 million Americans, have chronic hepatitis B. In the United States, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is responsible for about 5,000 annual deaths from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B vi...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lin KW,Kirchner JT

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary immunodeficiencies include a variety of disorders that render patients more susceptible to infections. If left untreated, these infections may be fatal. The disorders constitute a spectrum of more than 80 innate defects in the body's immune system. Primary immunodeficiencies generally are considered to be rela...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Cooper MA,Pommering TL,Korányi K

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory difficulty is a common presenting complaint in the outpatient primary care setting. Because patients may first seek care by calling their physician's office, telephone triage plays a role in the early management of dyspnea. Once the patient is in the office, the initial goal of assessment is to determine t...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zoorob RJ,Campbell JS

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The herbal remedies referred to as "ginseng" are derived from the roots of several plants. One of the most commonly used and researched of the ginsengs is Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng. The main active components of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of benefic...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kiefer D,Pantuso T

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Joint and soft tissue injection of the ankle and foot region is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. This article reviews the injection procedure for the plantar fascia, ankle joint, tarsal tunnel, interdigital space, and first metatarsophalangeal joint. Indications for plantar fascia inj...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Tallia AF,Cardone DA

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hearing loss is a common problem that can occur at any age and makes verbal communication difficult. The ear is divided anatomically into three sections (external, middle, and inner), and pathology contributing to hearing loss may strike one or more sections. Hearing loss can be categorized as conductive, sensorineura...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Isaacson JE,Vora NM

更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Knee pain is a common presenting complaint with many possible causes. An awareness of certain patterns can help the family physician identify the underlying cause more efficiently. Teenage girls and young women are more likely to have patellar tracking problems such as patellar subluxation and patellofemoral pain synd...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Calmbach WL,Hutchens M

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Status epilepticus is an increasingly recognized public health problem in the United States. Status epilepticus is associated with a high mortality rate that is largely contingent on the duration of the condition before initial treatment, the etiology of the condition, and the age of the patient. Treatment is evolving...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Sirven JI,Waterhouse E

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult immunization rates have fallen short of national goals partly because of misconceptions about the safety and benefits of current vaccines. The danger of these misconceptions is magnified during pregnancy, when concerned physicians are hesitant to administer vaccines and patients are reluctant to accept them. Rou...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Sur DK,Wallis DH,O'Connell TX

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant women commonly use over-the-counter medications. Although most over-the-counter drugs have an excellent safety profile, some have unproven safety or are known to adversely affect the fetus. The safety profile of some medications may change according to the gestational age of the fetus. Because an estimated 10...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Black RA,Hill DA

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain. The most common medical cause is gastroenteritis, and the most common surgical cause is ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Leung AK,Sigalet DL

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gait disorders in the elderly are common and in most cases cannot be treated medically or surgically. Therefore, treatment often relies on ambulatory devices such as canes, crutches, and walkers. Before selecting a device, the patient should be evaluated to define whether one or both upper extremities are required to ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Van Hook FW,Demonbreun D,Weiss BD

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem that can be troubling for children and their families. Recent studies indicate that nocturnal enuresis is best regarded as a group of conditions with different etiologies. A genetic component is likely in many affected children. Research also indicates the possibility of two subt...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Thiedke CC

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alopecia can be divided into disorders in which the hair follicle is normal but the cycling of hair growth is abnormal and disorders in which the hair follicle is damaged. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Other disorders include alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, cicatricial alope...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Thiedke CC

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Family physicians should be familiar with the various drugs available for treating and preventing viral infections. Part II of this two-part article focuses on agents used to manage influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Rimantadine and amantadine traditionally have been used to prevent and treat influenza type A ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Colgan R,Michocki R,Greisman L,Moore TA

更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The interrupted vertical and horizontal mattress suture techniques are two of the most commonly used skin closure methods. These mattress sutures promote wound edge eversion and less prominent scarring. Vertical and horizontal mattress sutures allow for skin edges to be closed under tension when wound edges have to be...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zuber TJ

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is frequently treated by family physicians. Despite patients' worries about the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, it is a benign condition. The diagnosis should be made using standard criteria after red flags that may...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Viera AJ,Hoag S,Shaughnessy J

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is reactivated in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus represents up to one fourth of all cases of herpes zoster. Most patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus present with a periorbital vesicular rash distributed ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Shaikh S,Ta CN

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tension-type headache typically causes pain that radiates in a band-like fashion bilaterally from the forehead to the occiput. Pain often radiates to the neck muscles and is described as tightness, pressure, or dull ache. Migraine-type features (unilateral, throbbing pain, nausea, photophobia) are not present All pati...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Millea PJ,Brodie JJ

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rosacea is a common, but often overlooked, skin condition of uncertain etiology that can lead to significant facial disfigurement, ocular complications, and severe emotional distress. The progression of rosacea is variable; however, typical stages include: (1) facial flushing, (2) erythema and/or edema and ocular symp...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Blount BW,Pelletier AL

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is the arrhythmia most commonly encountered in family practice. Serious complications can include congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolism. Initial treatment is directed at controlling the ventricular rate, most often with a calcium channel blocker, a beta blocker, or di...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： King DE,Dickerson LM,Sack JL

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00